Terrestrial globe.



M. W. HARD.

TERRESTRIAL GLOBE.

APPLICATION FILED 050.5.1914. I V

Patented Oct. 19, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Wim sses Emu-news QOLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH C0.,WASHINGTON, D. c.

M. W. HARD.

TERRESTRIAL GLOBE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 5. 1914.

1,157,219. Patented 001.19, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

HBINUI r g a Z0 v Z0 Z9 Z\ V '1 g I5 7 i X 1 1 1 1| 1 .1 I a ,g g M a I 5 V q I a, I 1,. f r" u ZZ ltwentov W'ikaesses Merrill w }'\OYCL,

fitiornup COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0., WASHINGTON, D. c.

MERRILL w. HARD, OEDAYTON,

CLEVELAND,

OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM F. ECKART, OF

OHIO.

TERBESTRIAL GLOBE.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, MERRILL W. HARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Terrestrial Globes, of which thefoll'owing' is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing. 7 Z

This invention relates to terrestrial globes.

The object of the invention is to so mount a globe that it maybe caused to accurately describe the. movements of the earth and will maintain its axis at the correct inclination during all parts of such movements; and further, to provide such a globe with scales and indicators of such a character and so arranged that various phenomena may be clearly-demonstrated,.and that. various computations may be made, such as the duration of daylight and darkness at a. given placeon a given day; the time of day on the various parts of the earths surface; etc.

It is also an object of the invention .to provide a globeof this character whichwill be so simple in constructionand operation that it can be operatedand understood by a person unskilled both in mechanics, and in Y astronomy;

that there will. be no parts which will be easily disarranged orsbroken; and that it can be produced at acost sufficiently low to enable it to be placed in theordinary 7 small school and library.v

In. the accompanying drawings Figure 1 j is a side elevation of a terrestrial globe embodying my invention; and Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the sam i In these drawings I have illustrated one embodiment of my invention and have shown a globe 1 mounted for movement.

about an axis'whichis arranged at an inclination of 23-1- to the vertical axis ing centrally through the globe. In the present instance the globe is'mounted on a the desired inclination and projecting at its ends beyond the surface of the globe, ends constituting the polesofthe axis about which the globe, or earth, rotates." Further, I have somounted the globe that it"will roshaft arranged at tateabout a vertical axis, thus causing it to have the same motion that the earth has in its movement about the various phenomena. produced by. the rota: tion of the earth about its axis and its revo- Specification of Letters Patent.

gear 10 upon extend as shown at 2 and 3, these sun, and. causmg the Patented Oct. 19, 1915.

Application-filed December 5,1914. Serial No. 875,582J' lution about the sun to be produced by this i globe. The movements are exactly the same exceptqthat the globe does not swing about an orbit but rotates about a fixed vertical axis. The simultaneous movement of the globe about these two axes permits the globe to assume theexactpositions that the earth assumes in its movements, and thus enables the various phenomena to be clearly demonstrated and various computations to be made, as will hereinafter appear. To secure the rotary movement of the globe about a vertical axis, I have provided a supporting member which is mounted to rotate about a fixed vertical axis, this axis, in the present instance, being coincident with the vertical axis extending centrally through the. globe. The supporting member is here shown in the form of an arm 4 mounted on a shaft 5 which is journaled in a bearing 6 carried by a base. 7. The supporting member, or

arm, at is provided, at a polnt remote from its axis with an inclined bearing 8 to receive the end of the shaft upon which the globe is mounted,whichend projects beyond the lowerpole of the globe to enable it to be mounted in the bearing. Movement may be simultaneously imparted, to the shaft and to the arm 4: to cause the globe to move simultaneously about the two axes, in any suitable manner. In the present instance, the lower end of the shaft 5. is provided with a beveled gear 9 meshed with a similar an operating shaft 11, said gearsbeing preferably arranged within the base 7 and the shaft projecting beyond the base, where it may be provided with a suitable actuating member, such as a handle or a crank, which actuating member has not been here shown. The rotation ofthe shaft 5' causes the movement of the globe about its vertical axis and causes it to simultaneously rotate about its inclined axis, I have provided a fixed annular rack or gear 12 arranged concentrically of said vertical axis, and, in the present instance, rigidly secured to the upper end of the bearing 6. Meshing with this gear is a pinion 13 secured to the lower end of a short shaft 14 journaled in the supporting member or arm 4, at a point remote from its axis, and having secured thereto at its upper end a beveled pinion 15 which meshes wih a similar pinion 16 secured to the end of the inclined shaft. Thus, a's-the globe rotates about its vertical axis it is also causedto rotate about its inclined axis. The ratio of the gearing }'may, if

' desired, be such as to causethe number of rotations about the two axes to correspond,

' relatively,

to the rotations of the earth, but for demonstrating purposes'this is undesirable, because of the length of time itwould take to move the globe from one position to Therefore, the gear in the present;

thatthe globe makes a com- Arranged circumfe'rentially of the globe eter is .ajband or'ri'ng, 17 which is divided into sections and provided with marks to indicate the twenty-four hours of the day and fractions .thereof. determining time. and may be designatedas the local or daily time'band. The time band is numbered from 1 twelve oclock noon to I This band: is used in twelve 'oclock midnight and from twelve oclock midnight to twelve oolock noon,-the

numbers running from left to right, and thus permitting the telling ofacomparative time, as Will hereinafter befexplained. The time band may also be provided with marks or indications to designate the sidereal time, r and, if desired, with But as these markings and. signs are not 7 the signs of the zodiac.

necessary to an understanding of the present invention,they have been omitted from the present drawings. This time bandmay be supported in various ways, but as here shown it is carried by two arms 18 extend- 111g upwardly from the base, and, in the present instance, secured to the bearing 6.

. These arms are arranged to engage the time band at points midway. betweenthe noon and midnight marks thereon, and together withasemi-circular band 19, which. extends over the upper part of the globe and connectsthe ends of the arms 18, they form a dividing, linebetween the night and day periods of the time band, and may be designated-as the darkness and daylight band! As here shown,'the time band is secured to the arms 18 by set screws 20, and the upper portion 19 of the darkness and daylight band is permanently secured to the time 7 band. Thus, by loosening the set screws 7 the two handsmay be removed and the globe removed from its supporting bearing, should this be desired. 1 r

Supported above'the globe and arranged to define the circle constituting the path 'of they end of'theinclineol .aXis, or the pole, about which the globe rotates, is a band 21 which is divided according to the divisions of the year, and, in the present instance, is divided into days and months, and may be designated as a date band. This band, which, of course,is concentric to axis of the globe, or the fixed --sponds to the true F-about this 5 23%? be brought into juxtaposition to any the vertical pole of they earth, is here shoWn as'supported, by the,

theglobe rotates about itsfvertical a-xis, the end of 79 the inclined axis, which" Correpole of the earth,'trave ls circle and when this true pole is setto any day oflthe year, as indi--,

, cate'd onthe dat'e band, the position of'the on olf its axis will. I

globe and the inclinati correspondexactly withthe position ofthe i v i 7 t earth andthe inclination of the earthsiaxis inthe planeof its greatesthorizontal diam- 15 on that particularday of the year.

" cular band 22 which is marked to correspond withthe degrees of latitude and which may be designated as the degreescale.

band is so connected with the in'c'linedshaft.

on which the globe ismounted that it'will move-with the globe when the latter is ro-' tated,'but it"may also be moved; relatively to "the globeinorder to adjust itfrom position to position. Preferably this is accomplished'by forming a frictionalconnection This 1,

between the bearings at the endsofthe degree scale and the endsofthesha-ft. Ad-

justably mounted on this degree'iscale and movable lengthwisethereof is an indicator 23, and by moving therdegreescale about its axis and adjusting thefindicatorlength Wise thereof the point ofthe indicator may point on the earths surface, excepting very limited areasat the'two. poles. If desired, a flexibleiindicator 24:, such as a small feather, 'may be secured to the end of the inclined shaft so thatitwill travel about,

the date band and project above thesame,

selected thereby enablingpersons on one side of the Y globe to determine with reasonable" accuracy the position of thepole when the axis is inclined toward the g globe. The only necessary characteristic of this indicator is'that it shall be of such a character that it .can pass ness and daylight band. V

The mechanism whichhas been described is very simple but is exceedingly comprehensive, and byits usecmany ,of the phebeneath the darkopposite 'side of the nomena due to the earths movements may be demonstrated with great clearness and "many computations may be made. It is. not

necessary'nor desirable to attempt toexplain the demonstration of any considerable number of these many computations, but to illustrate the. use to which :the device may willbe given of both. One of the interesting phenomenadue tothe earths position and movements, and one it'is'not easy for the child student 'to understand, is the long nights and days of those regions within the m e nd, ent i f iml s Thi o nt.

be put, examples,

phenomena nor the making of about its vertical however, may be very clearly demonstrated by the use of this globe. To so demonstrate it it is only necessary to set the pole at the summer solstice, or near the same, and move the indicator 23 to any point within the Arctic Circle. Then rotate the globe about its inclined axis and it will be apparent at once that the indicator never passes the highest point of the earths surface, and consequently," never passes beyond the daylight and darkness band or the line of division between dayand night. To illustrate the re- :verseof this proposition the globe is moved axis to bring the pole to a point adjacent the winter solstice, with the indicator in the same position it occupied before, that is, within the Arctic Circle, the globe may make a complete rotation. about its inclined axis without the indicator-passing the daylight and darkness band. Thus, the student is enabled to picture in his mind clearly the positions and movements of the earth which produce the long day and the long night of the Arctic region, and to understand the reason for the midnight sun of that region. I

If it is .desired to determine the time of sunrise and sunset at any particular place onany particular day, the globeis rotated to adjust the pole to the particular day in question, as indicated on the date band. The degree scale and its indicator are adjustedto bring the latter into juxtaposition to the particular locality in question and the degree scale is then swung, either with or without the globe, to the left of the noon mark on the time band to cause it to inter-- sect with the daylight and darkness band. When the indicator'lies beneath the daylight and darkness band, the point of intersection of the degree scale with the time band will indicate the time of sunrise. By then mov ing the band in the opposite direction, that is, to the right of the noon mark, until it again intersects the daylight" and darkness band and the indicator lies beneath this I band, the point of intersection of the degree band will indicate the scale with the time Obviously, the

time that the sun will set.

duration ofday and night can be quickly computed by taking the difierence between sunrise and sunset or sunset and sunrise.

:' surface. To do this,

-- justed position,

- it to intersect it is very easy to determine the exact upon any point of the earths the pole is adjusted to the present day of the month, the degree scale is adjusted to intersect the locality of Again, time of day the party desiring the information and thenthe degree scale in its ad is moved until the degree scale intersects the time band at the mark corresponding to the present time of day. With the globe remaining in this adjusted position the degree scale is movedto cause the locality the time of which the globe, with it is desired to determine. Then the point.

of intersection of the degree scale with the time band will indicate the time at this distant point.

With these illustrations, the manner of use of the globe and its cooperating scales and indicators will be readily understood. I wish it to be understood, however, that while I have shown and described one embodiment of my invention, this has been chosen for the purpose of illustration and I do not wish to be limited to the details of construction shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is new and desire to cover by Letters Patent, is:

'1. The combination with a globe mounted for rotation about both a vertical axis and an inclined axis, of a band supported adjacent to said globe, arranged to define the path of the end of the inclined axis of said globe, and

provided with a scale.

2. The combination with a globe mounted for rotation about both a vertical axis and an inclined axis, of a band supported adjacent to said globe, arranged to define the path of the end of the inclined axis of said globe, said band being scaled to correspond to the division of time for the year, whereby said globe may be adjusted to demonstrate the inclination of the earths axis at any selected time during the year.

3'. The combination with a globe mounted for rotation about a vertical axis and about an axis inclined at 23% to said vertical axis, of a band arranged above said globe concentrically to said vertical axis and spaced 23-1 therefrom, said band being scaled to indicate the days of the month whereby the movement of the globe about its verticalaxis will cause the globe to assume the position of the earth 011 thatday of'the month adjacent to which the end of the inclined axis is positioned.

4. The combination with a globemountcd for rotation about both a vertical axis and an inclined axis, a band arranged above said globe an indicator supported adjacent to and adjustable over the cate the movement of relatively to said band.

5. The combination with a globe mounted concentrically to said vertical axis and face of the globe to indiany partof the globe circumferentially ofsaid globe in the plane of its greatesthorizontal diameter, a date band supported abovesaid globe to define the path of movement of the end of said in cline'd axis, and a scale mounted for movement about said inclined axis, and arranged to intersect said time band.

6. The combination with a globe mounted for rotation about both a vertical axis and an inclmed axls, of a .t1me band arranged circumferentially of said globe in the plane 7 aboutsaid inclined axis, and arranged to inadjustably atewith'said time band and with said lasttersect said time band, and an indicator movable longitudinally of said scale.

7. The combination with a globe mounted for rotation about both a vertical axis and an inclined axis, of a time band arranged circumferentially of said globe in the plane of its greatest horizontal diameter, a date band supported above said globe to define the path of movement of the end of said inclined axis, and a scale intersecting said time band andmounted on said globe for movement therewith, and capable of adjustment about said inclined axis.

8. The combination witha globe mounted for movement about'a' vertical and an inclined axis, of a time band arranged circumferentially of said globe in the plane of its greatest horizontal diameter and scaled to indicate thetwenty-four hours of the day, and a daylight and darknessband arranged circumferentially of said globe in-the plane of its greatest vertical diameter and intersecting said time band midway between the noon and midnight indications.

9. The combination with a globemounted for movement about a vertical axis and an inclined axis, of a time band arranged cir,

cumferentially of said globe in the plane of its greatest horizontal diameter and scaled to indicate the twenty-four hours of-the day,

a daylight and darkness band arranged cir-' cumferentially of saidi'globe'in the plane of its greatest vertical diameter and intersecting said time vband noon and midnight indications, and a scale mounted on said globeto coopermentioned band. V 10. The combination with a globe mounted for movement about a vertical axis and justably mounted on said an, inclined axis, of a time band arranged circumferentially to ndicate the twenty-four hours of the day, a daylight and darkness band arranged circumferentially of said globe in the plane noon and midnight indications, a scale adglobe tocooperate with said time band and with said last-mentioned band, and a semicircular scale pivot- Gopies-of this patent may be obtained for five cents each; by addressing the commissionerof Patents,

midway-1 between the of said globe in the plane" of its greatest horizontal diameter andscaled globe, and ca to -said:globe.

11. The combination with a globemounted for movement about'ia vertical axis and circumferentially of'said globe in the plane of its greatest horizontaldiameter scaled to indicate the twenty-four hours of the plane of its greatest vertical diameter, and intersecting said time band; midway be tween the noon andmidnight indications, a

scale adjustably mounted on said globe" to ally mounted at itsends on the inclined axis of said globe, normally movable with saidpableof adjustment relatively an inclined axis, of a time bandarranged cooperate with said time'band and with said last-mentioned band, a semi-circular scale:

pivotally mounted at its ends'on theinclined axis of said globe, normally'movably with said globe andcapable ofadjustment relatively to said ably mounted on said semi' circular scale.

12. The combination with-a globe mounted for movement about a vertical axis and an inclined axis, 'of actime band'arranged circumferentially of said globe inthe plane of its greatest horizontal diameter 'andscaled to indicate the twenty four hours of the day, a daylight and darkness band arranged circumferentiallyof said globe, in the plane of its greatest vertical diameter; and intersecting said time bandmidway between the noon; and midnight-indications, a scaleadjustably mounted onsaid globe tofcoiiperate with said time band and with said last-mcntioned band, a scale mounted at its ends on the inclined axis of said globeand capable of movement with-said globe and movement relatively thereto to indicate-the degrees of latitude.

I 18; The combination With a base, .a globe mounted on "said" base for movement about both a vertical axis and aninclined .axis, and a separable connection between said globe and said base, of arms from said base, aihorizontal band carried by ,1 said scale being markedextending upwardly globe, and an indicator slid- V,

said arms and arranged circumferentially of said globe, a semi-circular band secured to said horizontal band, extendlngabove sald globe in circular'alinement with the ends'of 1 said arms, and means for detachably con-.

Iii-testimony whereof, I .aPix

4 MERRILL w; IH R Witnesses:m*

F.-W. ScHAErER', R. M. MILLER.

Washington, 13.70." 1

nectingsaid horizontal bandtosaid arms." V i my SIgIIQF V ture 1n presence of two witnesses; Y 

